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・ Key West lighthouse
・ Key West Literary Seminar
・ Key West National Wildlife Refuge
・ Key West Police Department
・ Key West quail-dove
・ Key West Rapids
・ Key West Shipwreck Museum
・ Key West Street Car Company
・ Key West Township, Coffey County, Kansas
・ Key West Tropical Forest & Botanical Garden
・ Key West, Florida
・ Key West, Iowa
・ Key West, Minnesota
・ Key West, Virginia
・ Key Western Railroad
Key whitening
・ Key Witness
・ Key Witness (1947 film)
・ Key Witness (1960 film)
・ Key Witness (Book)
・ Key Word in Context
・ Key word signing
・ Key Words Reading Scheme
・ Key worker
・ Key works of Carolingian illumination
・ Key worm eel
・ Key Wrap
・ Key Zarrin
・ Key's in the Mailbox
・ Key, Alabama


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Key whitening : ウィキペディア英語版
Key whitening
In cryptography, key whitening is a technique intended to increase the security of an iterated block cipher. It consists of steps that combine the data with portions of the key.
The most common form of key whitening is xor-encrypt-xor -- using a simple XOR before the first round and after the last round of encryption.
The first block cipher to use a form of key whitening is DES-X, which simply uses two extra 64-bit keys for whitening, beyond the normal 56-bit key of DES. This is intended to increase the complexity of a brute force attack, increasing the effective size of the key without major changes in the algorithm. DES-X's inventor, Ron Rivest, named the technique ''whitening''.
The cipher FEAL (followed by Khufu and Khafre) introduced the practice of key whitening using portions of the same key used in the rest of the cipher. Obviously this offers no additional protection from brute force attacks, but it can make other attacks more difficult. In a Feistel cipher or similar algorithm, key whitening can increase security by concealing the specific inputs to the first and last round functions. In particular, it is not susceptible to a meet-in-the-middle attack. This form of key whitening has been adopted as a feature of many later block ciphers, including AES, MARS, RC6, and Twofish.
==References==


抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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